HMS Invincible
In WW1 the capital ships of a navy comprised its battleships and battlecruisers.
At the Battle of Jutland the Royal Navy lost fourteen ships out of the one hundred and fifty-one deployed or 9%. Of these losses, three (Indefatigable, Invincible, and Queen Mary) were battlecruisers and therefore capital ships. There were thirty-seven battleships and battlecruisers deployed and so the loss rate of capital ships was 8%. The other losses were three armoured cruisers and eight destroyers.
The Germans lost eleven out of ninety-nine ships deployed (11%), but only two of these (Lützow and Pommern) were capital ships out of the twenty-seven that the Germans deployed and so the loss rate of capital ships was 7.5%. The other losses were four light cruisers and five heavy torpedo boats (destroyers).
SMS Lützow
Between June 1916 (the date of the Battle of Jutland) and the end of the war, the Royal Navy brought into service the battleship Ramillies and the battlecruisers Renown, Repulse, Courageous, Glorious, and Furious.
HMS Ramillies
HMS Renown
Therefore, it is wrong to say that the Royal Navy lost most of its capital ships at Jutland. At the end of the battle, the Royal Navy had thirty-four capital ships present and the Hochseeflotte twenty-five, so the Royal Navy still retained a decisive advantage.
The three capital ships lost at Jutland were replaced by six new capital ships and so the Royal Navy more than rebuilt its fleet; it enlarged it.
Edit: If the question is hypothetical, it should have read if it had lost rather than after losing. As the loss rates were very similar, if the Royal Navy had lost 51% of its capital ships the the ratio would have been 18:13 in favour of the Royal Navy after the battle and 24:14 after the new builds (the Germans launched the Baden), changing the ratio from 1.37 to 1.71 in favour of the Royal Navy. Causes have effects. The German fleet would have lost ships as well.
